
743 out of every 100,000 citizens in America is in prison. That’s 1% of the adult population, according to Wikipedia and an article in January 30th edition of The New Yorker, “The Caging of America,” by Adam Gopnick. Another 2% of the adult population is on probation or parole. The chart above shows how the prison population [Federal and State] grew from 1920 – 2006, with a spike upward starting about 1980 and continuing to 2006 and probably to the present. Gopnick blames the move toward more privatization of prisons. He thinks the profit motive is responsible for the extraordinary growth in the prison population:
A growing number of American prisons are now contracted out as for-profit businesses to for-profit companies. The companies are paid by the state, and their profit depends on spending as little as possible on the prisoners and the prisons. It’s hard to imagine any greater disconnect between public good and private profit: the interest of private prisons lies not in the obvious social good of having the minimum necessary number of inmates but in having as many as possible, housed as cheaply as possible. No more chilling document exists in recent American life than the 2005 annual report of the biggest of these firms, the Corrections Corporation of America. Here the company (which spends millions lobbying legislators) is obliged to caution its investors about the risk that somehow, somewhere, someone might turn off the spigot of convicted men.
I think there are other factors that are more likely to account for the growth in the prison population. First and foremost is criminals. A money-hungry private prison can’t turn honest citizens into criminals. Gopnick doesn’t even attempt to explain how the profit motive of the private corrections business leads to more criminals in society, even if it is conceded that the private corrections industry spends lots of money lobbying state governments for more contracts to house prisoners.
Gopnick also seems to be saying that there is some concerted effort on the part of police to apprehend, juries to convict, and judges to sentence more people to prison in order to satisfy the demand of the private prisons for more inmates. It’s nonsense. Police don’t spend one second thinking about whether the criminals they apprehend will become customers for private prisons, juries surely don’t weigh such considerations in the jury room, and nobody in their right mind thinks judges give a whit what kind of prison a convicted defendant will be going to. That’s the last thing that would influence a judge’s sentencing decision. No, it’s not even the last. It won’t be a factor at all, ever.
Gopnick’s metaphor of “a spigot of convicted men” reveals how he thinks. Who has hold of the wheel on this spigot that they can turn on or off at will? Something strange in the liberal brain — some sort of break in the synapse connectors I suppose.
The sharp rise in the prison population starting in 1980 looks to be the natural result of the crime wave ushered in by liberal-supported lenient treatment of criminals in the 1960’s. The rise after 1980 was the result of the increased crime rate and is also responsible for the great reductions in crime starting in the 1990’s. One is reminded of the story that appeared in The New York Times a few years back. The reporter stated that even though crime had dropped dramatically there were still a record number of people in prison. The reporter didn’t see the irony in his (her) statement.
The increased criminalization of drugs, the addition of more drugs to the list of controlled substances, and the increasing desire of Americans for illicit drugs is, of course, a huge factor. It is a myth that most of those incarcerated for drug crimes are mere users and not distributors. If all the users were let out tomorrow it would not result in a substantial reduction in the prison population. Most drug criminals that are not also drug pushers who are in prison are in there not for their drug use but for the crimes they committed to support their drug habit. Those crimes are often violent and serious. Not sending them to prison is not an option.
The population of the country has grown by a factor of 2.8 since 1920 and the prison population has grown 7 times faster. In other words, the population is 2.8 times what it was in 1920 while the prison population is 20 times what it was in 1920. Since not every crime is solved and not every criminal is sent to prison even when caught, the number of crimes committed must have grown even more. That’s the reason for the growth in the prison population, not the profit motive of private prisons.
I assume The New Yorker and Adam Gopnick would like to see the prison population in America reduced. If that came about by fewer Americans deciding on a life of crime the resulting reduction in flow from Gopnick’s spigot would be a wonderful thing, cheered by everyone. But I get the feeling that’s not what they have in mind. They probably favor just letting a lot or prisoners go free. We already know what that would mean because a Federal judge in her wisdom ordered a substantial reduction in California’s prison population. As a result of letting criminals go back into society before serving their full sentences [the only way to comply with the Judge’s order], California is seeing a substantial increase in crime. Liberals never learn.